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Oneʼs ways to deal with moral dilemma depends on his/her ethical mindset92, whether it is rule-based mindset (deontological thinking)-which measures the goodness of moral behavior based on moral principles/rules or outcome-based mindset (consequentialist thinking) which measures the goodness of moral behavior based on the benefits for as many people as possible (rules can be made relative).
The definition is in accordance with ethical mindset definition used by Cornelissen et al.94, "past work has demonstrated that this distinction (consequentialism/outcome-based mindset vs. deontology/rule-based mindset) is not exclusively philosophical but that individuals consider it meaningful when reflecting on their behavior, are flexible in the use of either type of moral arguments"94 Ethical mindset is one of the mindsets besides other mindsets such as analytic mindset, collaborative mindset and action mindset93.
Using construal level theory (CLT) explanation framework, Mullen and Monin97 showed that rule-based mindset (deontology) is related to high CLT (abstract moral behavior representation), whereas, outcome-based mindset (consequentialism or utilitarianism) is closely related to low CLT (concrete moral behavior representation).
In contrast, people with the outcome-based mindset (associated with low CLT) view their moral behavior from time to time as ways or means to achieve moral self-image.
Therefore, it is logical to assume that outcome-based mindset can predict moral balancing, i.e.
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